(SWINE INFLUENZA A (H1N1) VIRUS)

The Swine Influenza A (H1NI) that has been infected humans in U.S and Mexico. It is a novel influenza A virus it has not previously identified in North America. This virus is resistant to the antiviral medications amantadine and rimantadine but it is sensitive to Osaltamivir and Zanamivir. Investigations in these cases suggest that in going human to human Swine influenza A (H1N1) Virus is occurring.


What are the Symptoms of Swine Flu?

Although uncomplicated influenza like illness i.e. fever, cough or sore throat. Has been reported in many cases, mild respiratory illness i.e. nasal congestion, and renorrhea. With out fever and occasional severe disease also as been reported. Other symptoms reported with swine influenza A virus infection include like vomiting, diarrhea, myalqia, headache, chills, fatique and dyspnia is rare, but it has been reported with swine influenza A virus infection.

INTERIM RECOMMENDATIONS

For a clinical care or collection of respiratory specimens from a symtomatic individual who is confirmed case or a suspected case of swine influenza A (H1NI) virus infection.

INFECTIOUS PERIOD

Persons with Swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection should be considered potentially contagious for up to 7 days following illness onset. Persons who continue longer than 7 days following illness onset. Should be considering potentially contagious until symptoms have resolved. Children especially younger children might potentially be contagious for longer period. The duration of infectiousness might vary by swine influenza A (H1N1) virus strain.








RECOMMENTIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PERSONNEL

For interviews of healthy individuals, including close contacts of cases of confirmed swine influenza virus infection, no personal protective equipment or antiviral chemoprophylaxis is needed.


INFECTION CONTROL

If the ill person move from one place to another place. Strictly they should wear the mask. To protect the decease ill person should be encouraged to wash hand frequently and follow respiratory. And also ill person maintain these while using cups and other utensils they should washed with soap and water before use by other person.

ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT

Empiric antiviral treatment is recommended for any ill person suspected to have swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Antiviral treatment with either Zanamivir alone or with combination of osaltamivir and either amantadine or rimantadine should be initiated as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. Recommended duration of treatment is five days. Recommendations for use of antiviral may change as data on antiviral susceptibilities become available.


PREGNANT WOMEN

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine, are all “Pregnancy Category C” medications, including that no clinical studies have been conducted to assess the safety of these medications for pregnant women. Only two cases amantadine use for severe influenza illness during the third trimester have been reported. However both amantadine and rimantadine have been demonstrated in animal’s studies to be teratogenic and embrotoxic when administrated at substantially high doses. Because of the unknown effects of influenza antiviral drugs on pregnant women and their fetuses, these four drugs should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the embryo or fetus. The manufacturers package inserts should be consulted. However, no adverse effects have been reported among women who received oseltamivir during pregnancy or among infants born to such women.